Specifics of French Higher Education

In France, after high school, students pursue vocational or academic diplomas:

Vocational Diplomas: Offered as either DUT (diplôme universitaire de technologie) or BTS (brevet de technicien supérieur), these two-year degrees focus on technology. BTS courses are high school-based, while DUTs are university-awarded. A DUT/BTS may be followed by an additional year leading to a "licence professionnelle".

Academic Diplomas: Higher education in France comprises three primary institutions:

1) Universities (Universités)

• Degrees Offered: Bachelor's (Licence), Master's (Master), and Doctorate (Doctorat) degrees.

• Fields of Study: Wide range of disciplines including humanities, sciences, law, medicine, and engineering.

• Structure: Universities are public institutions funded by the state, and they offer both academic and professional programs. They emphasize research and theoretical education.

• Admission: Generally based on the French Baccalauréat or equivalent high school diploma. Some programs, especially at the Master's level, may require competitive entrance exams. 2) Grandes Écoles

• Degrees Offered: Diplôme d'Ingénieur, Diplôme de Grande École, and specialized Master's degrees.

• Fields of Study: Focus on engineering, business, and public administration.

• Structure: Highly selective and prestigious institutions that are often specialized. They offer rigorous programs and maintain strong connections with industries and government.

• Admission: Typically requires passing competitive entrance exams known as "concours," often following two years of preparatory classes (Classes Préparatoires aux Grandes Écoles or CPGE).
  

3) Specialized Schools (Écoles Spécialisées)

• Degrees Offered: Various diplomas and certifications, including BTS (Brevet de Technicien Supérieur), DUT (Diplôme Universitaire de Technologie), and professional Bachelor's and Master's degrees.

• Fields of Study: Vocational and professional education in fields such as healthcare, arts, design, social work, and hospitality.

• Structure: Institutions that focus on practical and technical training with strong industry ties. They often provide hands-on experience and internships as part of the curriculum.

• Admission: Based on the Baccalauréat or equivalent qualifications, with some programs requiring additional entrance exams or interviews.

These institutions collectively form a robust and diverse higher education system in France, catering to a wide range of academic interests and professional ambitions.